電動執行機構的組成和工作原理,你了解多少?
發布時間:2021-07-13 瀏覽量:1975電動執行機構是電動單元組合式儀表中的執行單元。它是以單相交流電源為動力,接受統一的標準直流信號,輸出相應的轉角位移,操縱風門、擋板等調節機構,可配用各種電動操作器完成調節系統“手動—自動”的無擾動切換,及對被調對象的遠方手動操作,電動執行機構還設有電(dian)氣限位(wei)和機械限位(wei)雙重(zhong)保護來完成(cheng)自(zi)動調節(jie)的(de)(de)任務。它(ta)在電(dian)力、冶金、石油化工及鍋爐系統的(de)(de)上水及風門擋板的(de)(de)調節(jie)等部門得到廣泛(fan)應用。
電動執行機構的工作原理
電動執行(xing)機構包括伺服放(fang)大(da)器及執行(xing)機構兩大(da)部分,其(qi)中執行(xing)
機構又分為電機、減速器及位置發送器三大部(bu)件
來自調節器(qi)的(de)電(dian)流信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)Ii(4-20mA)作(zuo)為伺(si)服(fu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入,與閥的(de)位(wei)置反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)If進行(xing)(xing)比較,當(dang)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)和反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)比較差值不等于零時,其差值經(jing)伺(si)服(fu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器(qi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)后,控制兩(liang)相伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)按相應(ying)的(de)方向轉動,再經(jing)減速(su)器(qi)減速(su)后使輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸(zhou)(zhou)產生位(wei)移;同時,輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)移又經(jing)位(wei)置發(fa)送器(qi)轉換成(cheng)閥的(de)反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)If;當(dang)反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)相等時,伺(si)服(fu)放(fang)(fang)大(da)器(qi)無輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出,電(dian)機(ji)(ji)不轉動,執行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)構就穩定在與輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)相應(ying)的(de)位(wei)置上。電(dian)動執行(xing)(xing)機(ji)(ji)構的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸(zhou)(zhou)位(wei)移和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)成(cheng)線性關系。
電動執行(xing)機構有連續調節、遠(yuan)程手(shou)動控制和就地手(shou)動操作三(san)種控制方式。
電動執行機構就地調節方式(shi)
電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)執(zhi)行機(ji)構需就(jiu)地手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi),當電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)操(cao)作(zuo)器(qi)切(qie)換開(kai)關放置(zhi)“手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)”位置(zhi),把電(dian)機(ji)端部旋鈕撥(bo)到(dao)(dao)“手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)”位置(zhi),拉(la)出執(zhi)行機(ji)構上的手(shou)輪,搖動(dong)(dong)(dong)手(shou)輪就(jiu)可以實現(xian)手(shou)動(dong)(dong)(dong)操(cao)作(zuo)。當不用就(jiu)地操(cao)作(zuo)時(shi),千萬要注意,把電(dian)機(ji)端部的旋鈕撥(bo)到(dao)(dao)“自動(dong)(dong)(dong)”位置(zhi),并把手(shou)輪推進。
電動執行機構遠程遙控(kong)調(diao)節(jie)方式
當(dang)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)操作器切換(huan)(huan)開(kai)關(guan)放在“手動(dong)(dong)”位(wei)置(zhi)時,即處在手動(dong)(dong)遠程(cheng)控(kong)制狀(zhuang)態,操作時只要將旋(xuan)轉切換(huan)(huan)開(kai)關(guan)分(fen)別拔(ba)到“開(kai)”或(huo)“關(guan)”的位(wei)置(zhi),帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機正(zheng)轉或(huo)反轉,執行機構(gou)輸出軸就可以實現上(shang)行或(huo)下行動(dong)(dong)作,在運動(dong)(dong)過程(cheng)中觀察電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)操作器上(shang)的閥位(wei)開(kai)度(du)表,到所需控(kong)制閥位(wei)開(kai)度(du)時,立即松開(kai)切換(huan)(huan)開(kai)關(guan)即可。
電(dian)動(dong)執行機構自動(dong)調節方式
當電(dian)(dian)動(dong)操作(zuo)器切換(huan)開關放(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)“自(zi)動(dong)”位(wei)(wei)置時(shi),即處在(zai)自(zi)動(dong)調節狀態,其(qi)控制(zhi)過程如下(xia):當輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)號(hao)(hao)Iλ1=0(或4mA DC)時(shi),位(wei)(wei)置發送(song)器反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)I反(fan)(fan)=0(或4mA DC) ,此時(shi)伺(si)服放(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器沒有(you)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)停轉(zhuan),執(zhi)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸穩(wen)定(ding)在(zai)預選(xuan)好的(de)零位(wei)(wei);當輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)號(hao)(hao)Iλ1>0(或4mA DC)時(shi),此輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)號(hao)(hao)與系(xi)統本(ben)身的(de)位(wei)(wei)置反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)伺(si)服放(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器的(de)前置級磁(ci)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)磁(ci)勢的(de)綜合比(bi)較,由于(yu)這(zhe)二(er)個信(xin)號(hao)(hao)大(da)(da)小不相(xiang)(xiang)等且極性(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)(fan)就有(you)誤(wu)差磁(ci)勢出現(xian),從而使伺(si)服放(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出功率驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji),執(zhi)行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸就朝著減少這(zhe)個誤(wu)差磁(ci)勢的(de)方向運動(dong),直到輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)號(hao)(hao)和位(wei)(wei)置反(fan)(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)二(er)者相(xiang)(xiang)等為止,此時(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸就穩(wen)定(ding)在(zai)于(yu)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入信(xin)號(hao)(hao)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)應的(de)位(wei)(wei)置上。